Daily bread 11/11/2015

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• From the ESL Grammar Files: Everything You Need to Know about Teaching Gerunds

  • What Is a Gerund?

     

    Simply put, a gerund is the –ing form of a verb acting as a noun in a sentence.

  • When a verb is in its gerund form, it refers to the activity rather than the action.
  • The process of doing something rather than the actual doing.
  • Gerunds can function as subjects or objects in a sentence.

  • Swimming is a good form of exercise for the elderly. (The gerund is the subject of the sentence and refers to the activity of swimming not a specific person’s action of swimming.)

     

    She enjoys swimming in the ocean. (The gerunds is the object of the verb and refers to the general activity rather than a specific moment of movement.)

  • Infinitives are also verbs used as nouns, but infinitives are the simple form of the verb preceded by the word to. Infinitives can also be used as the subject or object of a sentence

  • To live is the greatest gift. (Infinitive as subject)

     

    I want to live life to the fullest. (Infinitive as object of the verb)

  • are two forms of one word serving the same purpose in English (verbs acting as nouns)
  • gerunds refer to specific, concrete, and/or real actions. Infinitives, on the other hand, expresses actions that are unreal, abstract, or those that might happen in the future.

  • Subject

     

    While both infinitives and gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence, gerunds tend to sound more natural.To copy is the greatest form of flattery. (sounds stilted and formal). Copying is the greatest form of flattery. (sounds more natural)

  • certain verbs that take gerunds as objects (admit, consider, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, keep, quit, miss, mind, practice, and understand)
  • others that take infinitives (agree, ask, demand, deserve, forget, happen, learn, manage, need, prepare, want, and wish).
  • Other verbs can be followed by either (begin, can’t stand, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, and remember).

  • Only Gerunds Can Function As the Object of a Preposition

     

    They were talking about going to New York City. (Not: they were talking about to go to NYC.) She won an award for cleaning up the city. (Not: she won an award for to clean up the city.)

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